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Euler quartic conjecture : ウィキペディア英語版
Euler's sum of powers conjecture
Euler's conjecture is a disproved conjecture in mathematics related to Fermat's last theorem. It was proposed by Leonhard Euler in 1769. It states that for all integers ''n'' and ''k'' greater than 1, if the sum of ''n'' ''k''th powers of non-zero integers is itself a ''k''th power, then ''n'' is greater than or equal to ''k''.
In symbols, the conjecture falsely states that if

\sum_^ a_i^k = b^k

where n>1 and a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n, b are non-zero integers, then n\geq k.
The conjecture represents an attempt to generalize Fermat's last theorem, which is the special case ''n'' = 2: if a_1^k + a_2^k = b^k, then 2 \geq k.
Although the conjecture holds for the case ''k'' = 3 (which follows from Fermat's last theorem for the third powers), it was disproved for ''k'' = 4 and ''k'' = 5. It is unknown whether the conjecture fails or holds for any value ''k'' ≥ 6.
== Background ==
Euler had an equality for four fourth powers 59^4 + 158^4 = 133^4 + 134^4; this however is not a counterexample because no term is isolated on one side of the equation. He also provided a complete solution to the four cubes problem as in Plato's number 3^3+4^3+5^3=6^3 or the taxicab number 1729.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Euler's Extended Conjecture )〕 The general solution for:
:x_1^3+x_2^3=x_3^3+x_4^3
is
:x_1 = 1-(a-3b)(a^2+3b^2), x_2 = (a+3b)(a^2+3b^2)-1
:x_3 = (a+3b)-(a^2+3b^2)^2, x_4 = (a^2+3b^2)^2-(a-3b)
where a and b are any integers.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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